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1945

Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century

Decades: 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s - 1940s - 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s

Years: 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 - 1945 - 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950

Events:

January 5 - The Soviet Union recognizes the new pro-Soviet government of Poland
January 7 - British General Bernard Montgomery holds a press conference in which he claims credit for victory in the Battle of the Bulge
January 12 - World War II: The Soviets begin a very large offensive in Eastern Europe against the Nazis.
January 13 - Soviet patrol arrests Raoul Wallenberg in Hungary
January 16 - Adolf Hitler moves into his underground bunker, the so-called Führerbunker
January 17 - World War II: Soviets occupy Warsaw
January 17 - Nazis begin to evacuate from Auschwitz concentration camp
January 27 - The Red Army arrives at Auschwitz and Birkenau in Poland and find the Nazi concentration camp where 1.1-1.5 million people were murdered and Prescott Bush made Bush family fortune with slavery.
January 28 - World War II: Supplies begin to reach China over the newly reopened Burma Road[?].
January 31 - Eddie Slovik is executed, the first American soldier since the Civil War to be executed for desertion
February 2 - World War II: President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill leave to meet with Soviet leader Joseph Stalin at the Yalta Conference.
February 3 - World War II: Russia agrees to enter the Pacific Theatre conflict against Japan.
February 4 - World War II: President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Winston Churchill and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin begin the Yalta Conference (ends February 11)
February 7 - World War II: General Douglas MacArthur returns to Manila
February 8 - World War II: United States fire bombs Dresden, Germany is fire-bombed killing 135,000 citizens.
February 13 - World War II: Soviet Union forces capture Budapest, Hungary from the Nazis.
February 13 - World War II: The British Air Force[?] bombs Dresden, Germany.
February 14 - Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay and Peru join the United Nations.
February 16 - World War II: American forces land on Corregidor island in the Philippines.
February 16 - American forces recapture the Bataan Peninsula
February 19 - World War II: Battle of Iwo Jima - about 30,000 United States Marines landed on Iwo Jima starting the battle.
February 23 - Following the American victory at the Battle of Iwo Jima, a group of United States Marines reach the top of Mount Surabachi[?] on the island and are photographed raising the American flag. The photo will later win a Pulitzer Prize.
February 23 - World War II: The capital of the Philippines, Manila, is liberated by American forces.
February 24 - Egyptian Premier Ahmed Maher Pasha[?] is killed in Parliament after reading a decree.
March 3 - World War II: Previously neutral Finland declares war on the Axis powers.
March 6 - Communist-led government formed in Romania
March 7 - World War II: American troops seize the bridge over the Rhine River at Remagen[?], Germany and begin to cross.
March 8 - Josip Broz Tito forms a government in Yugoslavia
March 9 - March 10 - World War II: American B-29 bombers attack Japan with incendiary bombs[?]. Tokyo is fire-bombed killing 100,000 citizens.
March 16 - World War II: The Battle of Iwo Jima ends but small pockets of Japanese resistance persist.
March 18 - World War II: 1,250 American bombers attack Berlin.
March 19 - World War II: Adolf Hitler orders that all industries, military installations, shops, transportation facilities and communications facilities in Germany be destroyed.
March 19 - World War II: Off the coast of Japan, kamikazes hit the aircraft carrier USS Franklin killing 800 of her crew.
March 21 - World War II: British troops liberate Mandalay[?], Burma
March 22 - The Arab League was formed with the adoption of a charter in Cairo, Egypt.
March 30 - World War II: Soviet Union forces invade Austria and take Vienna.
April 1 - World War II: United States troops land on Okinawa in the last campaign of the war.
April 4 - World War II: American troops liberate Ohrdruf death camp[?] in Germany.
April 7 - World War II: The Japanese battleship Yamato is sunk 200 miles north of Okinawa while in-route to a suicide mission.
April 10 - The Allied Forces liberated their first Nazi concentration camp, Buchenwald.
April 12 - United States President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1933-1945) dies in office; Vice President Harry S. Truman (1945-1953) takes the Oath of Office.
April 25 - Founding negotiations of United Nations in San Francisco
April 25 - World War II: United States and Russian troops link up at the Elbe River, cutting Germany in two
April 28 - Italian dictator Benito Mussolini and his mistress, Clara Petacci[?], are hanged upside down by Italian partisans as they attempt to flee the country.
April 30 - Adolf Hitler and his wife of one day, Eva Braun, commit suicide as Russian troops approach Berlin.
May 1 - Josef Goebbels[?] and his wife commit suicide after killing their 6 children.
May 2 - The Soviet Union announces the fall of Berlin[?]. Soviet soldiers hoist the red flag over the Reichstag building.
May 3 - Rocket scientist Werner von Braun[?] and 120 members of his team surrender to US forces. They later help start the US space program.
May 5 - Ezra Pound, poet and author, is arrested by American soldiers in Italy for treason.
May 5 - US armored unit liberates prisoners of Mauthausen concentration camp - including Simon Wiesenthal
May 5 - Canadian soldiers liberate the city of Amsterdam from Nazi occupation.
May 6 - World War II: Axis Sally delivers her last propaganda broadcast to Allied troops (first was on December 11, 1941).
May 7 - World War II: General Alfred Jodl signs unconditional surrender terms at Reims, France, ending Germany's participation in the war. The document will take effect the next day.
May 8 - World War II: V-E Day[?] (Victory in Europe, as Nazi Germany surrenders) commemorates the end of World War II in Europe.
May 9 - World War II: Hermann Göring is captured by the United States Army; Norway arrests Vidkun Quisling.
May 23 - Heinrich Himmler, the head of the Nazi Gestapo, commits suicide in British custody.
May 25 - In Atlantic, ships can finally keep their lights lit
May 28 - William Joyce, known as "Lord Haw-Haw" is captured. He is later charged with high treason in London for his English-language wartime broadcasts on German radio. He is hanged in January of 1946.
June 1 - British take over Lebanon and Syria
June 6 - King Hakon VII of Norway[?] return to Norway
June 11 - William Lyon Mackenzie King is reelected as Canadian prime minister.
June 24 - Victory parade in Red Square
June 26 - United Nations charter signed.
July 1 - World War II: Germany is divided between Allied occupation forces
July 5 - World War II: Liberation of the Philippines declared.
July 16 - The Trinity Test, the first test of an atomic bomb, using 6 kilograms of plutonium, succeeds in detonating, unleashing an explosion equivalent to that of 20 kilotons of TNT.
July 17 - Harry S. Truman, Josef Stalin and Winston Churchill (and later his successor, Clement Atlee) opened the Potsdam Conference for the final Allied summit of World War II.
July 23 - French marshall Henri Petain[?], who headed the Vichy government[?] during World War II goes on trial, charged with treason.
July 26 - Winston Churchill resigns as Great Britain?s prime minister after his Conservative Party is soundly defeated by the Labour Party. Clement Atlee becomes the new prime minister.
July 28 - A US bomber accidentally crashes into the Empire State Building, killing 14 people.
July 29 - The USS Indianapolis is hit and sunk by an I-58 Japanese submarine. Some 900 survivors jump into the sea and are adrift for 4 days. Nearly 600 die before help arrives. Captain Charles Butler MacVey III[?] is later court-martialed.
July 29 - The BBC Light Programme radio station was launched, aimed at mainstream light entertainment and music.
August 6 - August 9 - Two atomic bombs, (Little Boy and Fat Man) are dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, killing 500,000 citizens, forcing Japan to surrender, thus ending World War II.
August 13 - Zionist World Congress approaches British government to talk about founding of Israel.
August 15 - Imperial Japan[?] surrenders. The United States called this day V-J Day[?] (Victory in Japan). This ends the period of Japanese expansionism and beggins the period of Occupied Japan.
August 17 - Indonesian nationalists declare independence from the Netherlands. Achmad Sukarno[?] becomes president.
End of August - Mao Tse-Tung and Chiang Kai-shek meet in Chungking[?] to discuss an end to hostilities between the Communists and the Nationalists.
September 2 - Ho Chi Minh promulgates the Vietnamese Declaration of Independence, and unity from the north to the south.
September 5 - Iva Toguri D'Aquino, a Japanese-American suspected of being wartime radio propagandist "Tokyo Rose," is arrested in Yokohama.
September 8 - US troops occupy southern Korea, Russians occupy the north. This arrangement proves to be the beginning of a divided Korea.
September 8 - Hideki Tojo, Japanese prime minister during most of World War II, attempts suicide to avoid facing a war crimes tribunal.
September 20 - Mohandas Gandhi and Jawanahral Nehru[?] demand that British troops leave India
October 10 - Russian code clerk Igor Gouzenko[?] defects to Canada. He helps the West gain an understanding of Soviet spy rings in North America.
October 15 - The former Vichy French premier Pierre Laval[?] is executed by firing squad for his wartime collaboration with the Germans.
October 17 - Colonel Juan Peron stages a coup d'etat, becoming ruler of Argentina.
October 18 - The first German war crimes trial begins in Nuremberg.
October 21 - Women in France are allowed to vote for the first time.
October 23 - Jackie Robinson signs a contract with the Montreal Royals[?].
October 27 - Indonesian separatists riot and fight Dutch and British security forces
October 29 - Getulio Vargas, president of Brazil, resigns
November 1 - John H. Johnson[?] publishes the first issue of Ebony Magazine[?].
November 13 - Charles de Gaulle is elected president of France.
November 29 - The Federal People?s Republic of Yugoslavia is proclaimed. Marshal Tito[?] is named president.
November - Assembly of the world?s first general purpose electronic computer, the Electronic Numerical Integrator Analyzer and Computer (ENIAC), is completed. It covers 1800 feet of floor space. The first set of calculations is run on the computer.
December 20 - Gen. George S. Patton dies in a car accident at the age of 60.
December 27 - Twenty-eight nations sign an agreement creating the World Bank.
December 27 - Terror strikes against British military bases in Palestine.

Foundation of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Poland has two rival governments
Discovery of Nag Hammadi scriptures
Dutch painter Hans Van Meegeren[?] is arrested for collaboration with nazis but the paintings he had sold to Goering are found to be fakes.
Female suffrage in Guatemala and Japan

Denmark recognizes independent Iceland

Art, Culture & Fashion

1945 in film
- The Lost Weekend. Winner of Academy Awards for Best Picture; Ray Milland, Best Actor; Billy Wilder, Best Director, Best Screenplay
- Mildred Pierce Winner of Academy Award for Joan Crawford, Best Actress.
- Alfred Hitchcock's Spellbound, starring Ingrid Bergman and Gregory Peck
- With Rossellini's Roma Citt`a aperta, Italian neorealist cinema begins.
- Paramount Studios releases theatrical short cartoon titled "The Friendly Ghost", featuring ghost named Casper
- Marcel Carné[?] and Jacques Prévert's The Children of Paradise (Les Enfants du Paradis[?]) is released following the liberation of France

1945 in literature
1945 in music
- Jazz pianist Oscar Peterson, makes his first record for Victor
- Hit songs of 1945:
  - "On the Atchison, Topeka, and the Santa Fe" - Johnny Mercer
  - "You Belong to My Heart" - Bing Crosby and Xavier Cugat Orch[?]
  - "Rum and Coca-Cola" - The Andrews Sisters
  - "It Might as Well be Spring" - Dick Haymes[?]
  - "My Dreams are Getting Better All the Time" - Doris Day and Les Brown
- Bebop begins to emerge as popular style of jazz to contrast music of the big bands. Development of bebop is attributed in large part to trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie and alto saxophonist Charlie Parker
1945 in sports[?]
- Toronto Maple Leafs win Stanley Cup
- Detroit Tigers win World Series
1945 in television

Science and Technology

Arthur C. Clarke puts forward idea of a communications satellite in a Wireless World magazine article
At Mayo Clinic, streptomycin first used to treat tuberculosis
Percy Spencer[?] accidentally discovers that microwaves can heat food. Invention of microwave oven follows.
Grand Rapids, Michigan, and Newburgh, New York[?] become the first cities to add fluoride to drinking water
The first nuclear reactor outside of the U.S. is built in Chalk River, Ontario[?], Canada.
High-altitude west-to-east winds across Pacific, discovered by Japanese in 1942 and by Americans in 1944, are dubbed "jet stream"
Salvador Edward Luria[?] and Alfred Day Hershey[?] independently recognize that viruses undergo mutations
Herbicide 2,4-D is introduced. Later used as a component of Agent Orange
Team lead by Charles DuBois Coryell[?] discovers element 61, the only one still missing between 1 and 96 on Periodic Table. New element is called promethium

Births:

January 3 - Stephen Stills (Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young), singer, songwriter and guitarist
January 3 - Victoria Principal[?], actress
January 10 - Rod Stewart, singer
January 19 - Maria Jespen[?], theologian
January 26 - Jacqueline du Pré, cello player (+ 1987)
January 27 - Nick Mason[?], musician of Pink Floyd
January 28 - Marthe Keller[?], actress
January 29 - Tom Selleck[?], actor
January 30 - Michael Dorris[?], author (+ 1997)
February 3 - Bob Grises[?], Football Hall of Famer
February 5 - Charlotte Rampling[?], actress
February 6 - Bob Marley, reggae superstar
February 7 - Pete Postlethwaite, actor
February 9 - Mia Farrow, actress
February 17 - Brenda Fricker[?], actress
February 28 - Bubba Smith[?], Football Hall of Famer
March 7 - John Heard[?], actor
March 8 - Micky Dolenz, actor, director, musica ("The Monkees")
March 8 - Anselm Kiefer[?], painter
March 19 - Cem Karaca, Turkish rock musician
March 22 - Paul Schockemöhle[?], equestrian
March 29 - Walt Frazier[?], basketball player
March 30 - Eric Clapton, blues guitarist
April 4 - Daniel Cohn-Bendit[?], political activist
April 4 - Craig T. Nelson[?], actor "Coach" "The District"
April 27 - August Wilson, playwright
May 6 - Bob Seger[?], rock music singer
May 6 - Jimmie Dale Gilmore, musician
May 8 - Keith Jarrett, jazz musician
May 13 - Magic Dick[?], musician ("The J. Geils Band[?]")
May 19 - Pete Townshend, guitarist, lyricist
May 21 - Ernst Messerschmid[?], physicist and astronaut
May 28 - John Fogerty, singer
May 31 - Rainer Werner Fassbinder, director
June 17 - Eddy Merckx, Belgian cycling champion
June 19 - Aung San Suu Kyi, Myanmar poet and Nobel peace laureate
July 15 - Jürgen Möllemann, German politician
August 14 - Steve Martin, actor and comedian
August 31 - Itzhak Perlman, violinist
August 31 - Van Morrison, musician
September 3 - Aldo Moro, Italian politician
September 8 - Jose Feliciano, singer
November 12 - Neil Young, (Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young), singer, songwriter, musician

Deaths:

January 3 - Edgar Cayce, psychic, "exhaustion"
January 22 - Else Lasker-Schuler[?], poet
January 31 - Eddie Slovik, American soldier
February 11 - Al Dubin[?], Swiss songwriter
February 11 - J. S. H. Lokerman[?], Dutch resistance fighter
March - Anne Frank, author of The Diary of Anne Frank, at Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, typhus
March 2 - Emily Carr[?], artist
March 19 - Friedrich Fromm[?], Nazi official
March 26 - David Lloyd George, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
April 9 - Wilhelm Canaris, formed head of the German Abwehr, hanged for treason.
April 9 - Dietrich Bonhoeffer, theologian in Nazi Germany
April 12 - United States President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, massive stroke
April 18 - Ernie Pyle, American journalist, sniper fire
April 28 - Benito Mussolini, Italian dictator, hanged
April 30 - Adolf Hitler, Nazi party leader, suicide
May 1 - Josef Goebbels[?], Nazi propagandist, suicide
May 23 - Heinrich Himmler, head of the Nazi Gestapo, suicide
July 5 - John Curtin, Australian prime minister
August 14 - Robert Goddard, American rocket scientist
August 31 - Stefan Banach, great Polish mathematician
September 15 - Anton Webern, Austrian composer
September 24 - Johannes Hans Geiger[?], inventor of the Geiger counter
September 26 - Béla Bartók, aged 64, Hungarian composer
October 13 - Milton Hershey[?], chocolate tycoon
October 15 - Pierre Laval[?], former Vichy French premier, firing squad
October 19 - N.C. Wyeth[?], illustrator
October 24 - Vidkun Quisling, Norwegian politician and famous traitor, firing squad
November 11 - Jerome Kern, composer
November 21 - Robert Benchley[?], The New Yorker, humorist, theatre critic and actor
December 20 - General George S. Patton, car accident
December 28 - Theodore Dreiser, author

Charles Williams, British author
Thomas Hunt Morgan, biologist

Nobel Prizes:

Physics - Wolfgang Pauli
Chemistry - Artturi Ilmari Virtanen
Medicine - Sir Alexander Fleming, Ernst Boris Chain[?], Sir Howard Walter Florey
Literature - Gabriela Mistral
Peace - Cordell Hull[?]

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